Note-taking: Different styles of taking notes can be taught to students to help them focus on listening for specific details or organizational patterns.
Summaries and Reflections: Students listen to or read from an original source and practice presenting what they understood to an audience. The integrated speaking practice for the TOEFL can be used for this experience. Reflections would focus on emotional or personal responses to the passage rather than facts presented by the speaker(s).
Listening Comprehension: Evaluations of what students understood from the passage can be made based on answers to multiple choice, fill-in-the-blank, essay, recording, or sequence questions.
